Baseball, often hailed as America’s pastime, has long been a cornerstone of national identity, transcending cultural and generational divides through its universal appeal. From its early days in the mid-19th century, the sport has unified fans through its simple yet profound competition.
This article explores baseball’s role in the national healing process following the September 11 attacks, examining how the sport became a vehicle for social mourning and patriotism. It also delves into how baseball and sports journalism influence American sentiment during times of crisis.
The notion that baseball can uplift national morale in times of crisis is not new. During World War II, with over 500 major league players enlisting, Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis sought guidance from President Franklin D. Roosevelt on whether to continue the season. Roosevelt's response, known as the 'green-light letter,' affirmed baseball's value as a source of recreation and a means to sustain morale. "Baseball provides a recreation which does not last over two hours or two hours and a half, and which can be got for very little cost," Roosevelt wrote.
Following Roosevelt's endorsement, The Sporting News surveyed service members, who largely supported continuing the season. "Baseball is part of the American way of life," wrote Private John E. Stevenson. "For the morale of the soldier and America itself, ‘keep ‘em playing,’" added Private Clifford P. Mansfield.
In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, life in America seemed to halt. Shock, sadness, and anger prevailed, with media coverage saturated by the tragedy. Commissioner Bud Selig initially suspended the MLB schedule, pondering how baseball could help counteract the prevailing gloom.
When MLB resumed play on September 17, the games were secondary to the acts of remembrance and patriotism that accompanied them. The six ballparks hosting games that night offered a communal space for mourning and unity.
Emile Durkheim’s theories on social solidarity suggest that such gatherings help in healing by emphasizing collective unity over individualism. This sense of togetherness was palpable in the days following 9/11, as Americans rallied to show solidarity. Randall Collins’ phases of group solidarity—shock, displays of solidarity, and a high plateau of unity—are evident in baseball’s return and its role during the 2001 postseason. The Yankees’ World Series run, with its symbolic first pitches and commemorative elements, captivated the nation and provided a sense of collective resilience.
Sports journalism often serves as the ‘toy department’ of newspapers, but its impact during crises is profound. Michael Serazio, a Communications professor, argues that sports narratives restore normalcy and offer a therapeutic outlet. In the aftermath of 9/11, sports reporting provided not just updates on games but deeper reflections on the role of baseball in national recovery.
The coverage of baseball’s return was more than a recounting of scores; it explored the emotional significance of the sport. Baseball became a symbol of American perseverance, offering comfort and a sense of normalcy amidst the chaos.
As Bud Selig reflected, "When I look back on those days once play had resumed, it gives me pride that the national pastime provided fans with moments of normalcy and joy. In baseball's function as a social institution, we wanted to be not only sensitive but to play our part in the recovery process. It was a painful time, but we fulfilled that role."
Baseball’s role extends beyond the diamond. The sport is deeply woven into the fabric of American life, serving as more than just entertainment. It is a symbol of resilience and unity, demonstrating the enduring power of America's pastime in times of national crisis.
Let us never forget.
